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An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Using Stata®
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An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Using Stata®
From Research Design to Final Report

Second Edition
March 2025 | 352 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc
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An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Using Stata®: From Research Design to Final Report 2nd edition provides  an integrated approach to research methods, statistics and data analysis, and interpretation of results in Stata. Drawing on their combined 25 years of experience teaching statistics and research methods, authors Lisa Daniels and Nicholas Minot frame data analysis within the research process—identifying gaps in the literature, examining the theory, developing research questions, designing a questionnaire or using secondary data, analyzing the data, and writing a research paper—so readers better understand the context of data analysis. Throughout, the text focuses on documenting and communicating results so students can produce a finished report or article by the end of their courses. 

The second edition has been thoroughly updated with all new articles and data, including examples about ChatGPT, COVID-19 policies, and SAT scores, among many other sources, demonstrate the relevance of data analysis for students. A new chapter on advanced methods in regression analysis so instructors can better feature these important techniques. Stata code has been updated to the latest version. New exercises throughout offer more chances for practice.

 
Preface
 
Acknowledgments
 
Part I • The Research Process And Data Collection
 
Chapter 1 • A Brief Overview of the Research Process
1.1 Introduction

 
1.2 What Is Research

 
1.3 Steps In The Research Process

 
1.4 Conclusion

 
Exercises

 
 
Chapter 2 • Sampling Techniques
2.1 Introduction

 
2.2 Sample Design

 
2.3 Selecting A Sample

 
2.4 Sampling Weights

 
Exercises

 
 
Chapter 3 • Questionnaire Design
3.1 Introduction

 
3.2 Types Of Questionnaires

 
3.3 Guidelines For Questionnaire Design

 
3.4 Recording Responses

 
3.5 Skip Patterns

 
3.6 Ethical Issues

 
Exercises

 
 
Part II • Describing Data
 
Chapter 4 • An Introduction to Stata
4.1 Introduction

 
4.2 Opening Stata And Stata Windows

 
4.3 Working With Existing Data

 
4.4 Setting Preferences In Stata

 
4.5 Entering Your Own Data Into Stata

 
4.6 Using Log Files And Saving Your Work

 
4.7 Getting Help

 
4.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Chapter 5 • Preparing and Transforming Your Data
5.1 Introduction

 
5.2 Checking For Outliers

 
5.3 Creating New Variables

 
5.4 Missing Values In Stata

 
5.5 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Chapter 6 • Descriptive Statistics
6.1 Introduction

 
6.2 Types Of Variables And Measurement

 
6.3 Descriptive Statistics For All Types Of Variables: Frequency Tables And Modes

 
6.4 Descriptive Statistics For Variables Measured As Ordinal, Interval, And Ratio Scales: Median And Percentiles

 
6.5 Descriptive Statistics For Continuous Variables: Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, And Coefficient Of Variation

 
6.6 Descriptive Statistics For Categorical Variables Measured On A Nominal Or Ordinal Scale: Cross Tabulation

 
6.7 Applying Sampling Weights

 
6.8 Formatting Output For Use In A Document (Word, Google Docs, Etc.)

 
6.9 Graphs To Describe Data

 
6.10 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Part III • Testing Hypotheses
 
Chapter 7 • The Normal Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, and Statistical Significance
7.1 Introduction

 
7.2 The Normal Distribution And Standard Scores

 
7.3 Sampling Distributions And Standard Errors

 
7.4 Examining The Theory And Identifying The Research Question And Hypothesis

 
7.5 Testing For Statistical Significance Between A Sample Mean And A Population Mean

 
7.6 Rejecting Or Not Rejecting The Null Hypothesis

 
7.7 Interpreting The Results

 
7.8 Central Limit Theorem

 
7.9 Presenting The Results

 
7.10 Comparing A Sample Proportion To A Population Proportion

 
7.11 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Chapter 8 • Testing a Hypothesis About a Single Mean and a Single Proportion
8.1 Introduction

 
8.2 When To Use The One-Sample t Test

 
8.3 Calculating The One-Sample t Test

 
8.4 Conducting A One-Sample t Test

 
8.5 Interpreting The Output

 
8.6 Presenting The Results

 
8.7 Estimating A Population Proportion From A Sample Proportion

 
8.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Chapter 9 • Testing a Hypothesis About Two Independent Means
9.1 Introduction

 
9.2 When To Use A Two Independentsamples t Test

 
9.3 Calculating The t Statistic

 
9.4 Conducting A t Test

 
9.5 Interpreting The Output

 
9.6 Presenting The Results

 
9.7 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Chapter 10 • One-Way Analysis of Variance
10.1 Introduction

 
10.2 When To Use One-Way ANOVA

 
10.3 Calculating The F Ratio

 
10.4 Conducting A One-Way ANOVA Test

 
10.5 Interpreting The Output

 
10.6 Is One Mean Different or are all of Them Different?

 
10.7 Presenting The Results

 
10.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Chapter 11 • Comparing Categorical Variables – The Chi-Squared Test and Proportions
11.1 Introduction

 
11.2 When To Use The Chi-Squared Test

 
11.3 Calculating The Chi-Square Statistic

 
11.4 Conducting A Chi-Squared Test

 
11.5 Interpreting The Output

 
11.6 Presenting The Results

 
11.7 Comparing Proportions Or Binary Categorical Variables

 
11.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Part IV • Exploring Relationships
 
Chapter 12 • Linear Regression Analysis
12.1 Introduction

 
12.2 When To Use Regression Analysis

 
12.3 Correlation

 
12.4 Simple Regression Analysis

 
12.5 Multiple Regression Analysis

 
12.6 Presenting The Results

 
12.7 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Chapter 13 • Regression Diagnostics
13.1 Introduction

 
13.2 Measurement Error

 
13.3 Specification Error

 
13.4 Multicollinearity

 
13.5 Heteroscedasticity

 
13.6 Endogeneity

 
13.7 Nonnormality

 
13.8 Presenting The Results

 
13.9 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Chapter 14 • Regression Analysis with Binary Dependent Variables
14.1 Introduction

 
14.2 When To Use Logit Or Probit Analysis

 
14.3 Understanding The Logit Model

 
14.4 Running A Logit Model

 
14.5 Interpreting The Results Of A Logit Model

 
14.6 Logit Versus Probit Regression Models

 
14.7 Presenting The Results

 
14.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Chapter 15 • Introduction to Advanced Topics in Regression Analysis
15.1 Introduction

 
15.2 Regression With A Categorical Dependent Variable

 
15.3 Instrumental Variables Regression

 
15.4 Regression With Time-Series Data

 
15.5 Regression That Combines Cross-Section And Time-Series Data

 
15.6 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

 
Exercises

 
 
Part V • Writing A Research Paper
 
Chapter 16 • Writing a Research Paper
16.1 Introduction

 
16.2 Introduction Section Of A Research Paper

 
16.3 Literature Review

 
16.4 Theory, Data, And Methods

 
16.5 Results

 
16.6 Discussion

 
16.7 Conclusions

 
Exercises

 
 
Appendices
 
Appendix 1 • Quick Reference Guide to Stata Commands
 
Appendix 2 • Summary of Statistical Tests by Chapter
 
Appendix 3 • Decision Tree for Choosing the Right Statistic
 
Appendix 4 • Decision Rules for Statistical Significance
 
Appendix 5 • Areas Under the Normal Curve (Z Scores)
 
Appendix 6 • Critical Values of the t Distribution
 
Appendix 7 • Stata Code for Random Sampling
 
Appendix 8 • Examples of Nonlinear Functions
 
Appendix 9 • Estimating the Minimum Sample Size
 
Appendix 10 Description of the Data Sets Used in the Textbook
 
Glossary
 
About the Authors
 
Index

Supplements

Instructor Resource Site

Instructor Resource Site
Online resources included with this text

The online resources for your text are available via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site, which offers access to all text-specific resources, including a test bank and editable, chapter-specific PowerPoint® slides.

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Student Resource Site

"An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis is a perfect example of a text that helps students learn how to use STATA and interpret statistical output! I often tell students that 'real' statisticians do not use paper and pencil or a graphing calculator to crunch numbers. We use STATA and this book integrates STATA into the learning process." 

Michael Danza
Copper Mountain College

"The book by Daniels and Minot helps students understand how to conduct empirical research. The authors' concise and straightforward approach makes complicated topics easy to grasp, while their emphasis on a hands-on experience approach utilizing Stata further enhances the practicality of the material." 

Hector H. Sandoval
University of Florida

"This textbook is a valuable resource for teaching students the basics of quantitative analysis with STATA. Its clear writing style ensures content accessibility. The simple explanations and practical examples maintain student engagement. Additionally, the book seamlessly integrates theoretical concepts with real-world applications, enhancing understanding and fostering critical thinking skills." 

Nurgul R. Aitalieva
Purdue University, Fort Wayne.

"This is a great book for an undergraduate student population just getting into quantitative methods and STATA." 

Jill Weinberg
Tufts University

"The writing is very clear and accessible, yet the statistical coverage is thorough enough for graduate students. The examples of how to use commands and how to interpret output are great references for students after they finish the course." 

Janet P. Stamatel
University of Kentucky

"This is by far among my favorite features of this book! I LOVE how you use applied examples as I endeavor to do this every week for them and have found some great examples within this work! It brings the fun world of data analysis right to them so they can see why it is important. I think the authors also did a great job on varying topics across social science disciplines, not neglecting hardly a one anywhere—no room for improvement and only wish more analysis books did featuring so well." 

Kara Sutton
Southern Methodist University

"Takes the approach we do that you have to start with good research methods, assumes no prior stat knowledge, focuses on the foundational basics that students 'already know' but don't really understand (this is a big strength of the book!), and teaches those basics in conjunction with Stata coding." 

Chelsea Rae Kelly
The Catholic University of America

"The second chapter offers a comprehensive guide on presenting students' research papers. It includes concrete examples illustrating each section of a research paper, making it particularly beneficial for students unfamiliar with this type of writing. Furthermore, the paper by Talan and Kalinkara (2023) on ChatGPT serves as a bridge between academic research and our daily lives. It highlights that academic knowledge, including what students learn from this book, is not separate from our everyday experiences." 

Jaeyun Sung
Lyon College

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