Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
Part I Yippee! I’m in Statistics
Chapter 1. Statistics or Sadistics? It’s Up to You
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
A 5-Minute History of Statistics
Statistics: What it is and Isn’t
What am I doing in a Statistics Class?
Ten Ways to Use this Book (and Learn Statistics at the Same Time)
Part II Welcome to the Interesting, Flexible, Useful, Fun and (Very) Deep Worlds of R and RStudio
Chapter 2. Here’s Why We Love R and How to Get Started
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
A Very Short History of R
Where to Find and Download R
Where to Find RStudio and How to Install It
Chapter 3. Using RStudio: Much Easier Than You Think
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Why RStudio (and Why Not Just R?)
The Grand Tour and All About Those Four Panes
Showing Your Stuff – Working With Menus and Tabs and A Sample Data Analysis Using RStudio
Next Step: Using and Importing Datasets
Reading in Established Datasets
Computing Some Statistics
Part III Sigma Freud and Descriptive Statistics
Chapter 4. Means to an End: Computing and Understanding Averages
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
What You Will Learn in This Chapter Computing the Mean
When to Use What Measure of Central Tendency (and All You Need to Know About Scales of Measurement for Now)
Using the Computer to Compute Descriptive Statistics
Chapter 5. Understanding Variability: Vive la Différence
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Why Understanding Variability is Important
Computing the Standard Deviation
Using R to Compute Measures of Variability
Chapter 6. Creating Graphs: A Picture Really Is Worth a Thousand Words
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Ten Ways to a Great Graphic
First Things First: Creating a Frequency Distribution
The Plot Thickens: Creating a Histogram
The Next Step: A Frequency Polygon
Other Cool Ways to Chart Data
Using the Computer (R, That Is) to Illustrate Data
Chapter 7. Computing Correlation Coefficients: Ice Cream and Crime
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
What are Correlations All About?
Computing a Simple Correlation Coefficient
Understanding What the Correlation Coefficient Means
A Determined Effort: Squaring the Correlation Coefficient
Parting Ways: A Bit About Partial Correlations
Chapter 8: Understanding Reliability and Validity: Just the Truth
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
An Introduction to Reliability and Validity
Reliability: Doing it Again Until You Get it Right
Different Types of Reliability
How Big is Big? Finally: Interpreting Reliability Coefficients
Validity: Whoa! What is the Truth?
Validity and Reliability: Really Close Cousins
Part IV Taking Chances for Fun and Profit
Chapter 9. Hypotheticals and You: Testing Your Questions
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
So You Want to Be a Scientist
What Makes a Good Hypothesis?
Chapter 10. Probability and Why It Counts: Fun with a Bell-Shaped Curve
What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
The Normal Curve (A.K.A The Bell-Shaped Curve)
Our Favorite Standard Score
Fat and Skinny Frequency Distributions
Part IV Significantly Different: Using Inferential Statistics
Chapter 11. Significantly Significant: What It Means for You and Me
What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
The Concept of Significance
Significance Versus Meaningfulness
An Introduction to Inferential Statistics
An Introduction to Tests of Significance
12. The One-Sample Z-Test: Only the Lonely
What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
Introduction to the One-Sample Z-Test
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
Computing the Z-Test Statistic
Using R to Perform a Z-Test
Special Effects: Are Those Differences for Real?
Chapter 13. t(ea) for Two: Tests Between the Means of Different Groups
What You’ll Learn About in This Chapter
Introduction to the t-test for Independent Samples
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
Computing the t-Test Statistic
Using R to Perform a t-Test
14. t(ea) for Two (Again): Tests Between the Means of Related Groups
What You’ll Learn About in This Chapter
Introduction of the t-Test for Dependent Samples
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
Computing the t-Test Statistic
Using R to Perform a t-Test
The Effect Size for t(ea) for Two (Again)
Chapter 15. Two Groups Too Many? Try Analysis of Variance
Introduction to Analysis of Variance
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
Different Flavors of ANOVA
Computing the F-test Statistic
Using R to Compute the F Ratio
The Effect Size for One-Way ANOVA
But Where is the Difference?
Chapter 16. Two Too Many Factors: Factorial Analysis of Variance—A Brief Introduction
What You’ll Learn About in This Chapter
Introduction to Factorial Analysis of Variance
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
Even More Interesting Interaction Effects
Using R to Compute the F Ratio
Computing the Effect Size for Factorial ANOVA
Chapter 17. Testing Relationships Using the Correlation Coefficient: Cousins or Just Good Friends?
What You’ll Learn About in This Chapter
Introduction to Testing the Correlation Coefficient
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
Computing the Test Statistic
Using R to Compute a Correlation Coefficient (Again)
18. Using Linear Regression: Predicting the Future
What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
Introduction to Linear Regression
What is Prediction All About?
Drawing the World’s Best Line (for Your Data)
How Good is Your Prediction?
Using R to Compute the Regression Line
The More Predictors the Better? Maybe
Part VI More Statistics! More Tools! More Fun!
Chapter 19. Chi-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests: What to Do When You’re Not Normal
What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
Introduction toe Nonparametric Statistics
Introduction to the Goodness of Fit (One-Sample) Chi-Square
Computing the Goodness of Fit Chi-Square Test Statistic
Introduction to the Test of Independence Chi-Square
Computing the Test of Independence Chi-Square Test Statistic
Using R to Perform Chi-Square Tests
20. Some Other (Important) Statistical Procedures You Should Know About: A Statistical Software Sampler
What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
Multivariate Analysis of Variance
Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
Structural Equation Modeling
Appendix A: More Fun Stuff with R and RStudio
Appendix B: Tables
Appendix C: Data Sets
Appendix D: Answers to Practice Questions
Appendix E: Math: Just the Basics
Appendix F: The Ten (or More) Best (and Most Fun) Internet Sites for Statistics Stuff
Appendix G: The Ten Commandments of Data Collection
Appendix H: Glossary
Appendix I: The Reward
Index